Name Essays (2396 words) - Hematology, Medicine, RTT,

Name Instructor Course Date Diseases notebook Disease: Chronic Blood Loss Anemia -2286004000500 Description: Anemia can be defined as a reduction in the quantity of the pigment carrying pigment known as hemoglobin in the circulating blood. The main part of the red blood cells is the hemoglobin given that it binds oxygen. If a person has too few or abnormal red blood cells then the body will not get enough oxygen. Causes: The most common cause of this anemia is excessive bleeding. When the body loses blood, the body pulls water from the tissues that are out the bloodstream to keep the blood vessels filled. This makes the blood to be diluted and hematocrit is reduced. Course/ Symptoms: The symptoms of this disease include fatigue, pale or yellowish skin, weakness, irregular heartbeats, chest pains, dizziness or lightheadedness, headache, cold hands and feet. Test/Diagnosis/ laboratory findings: The diagnostic studies include redistribution of red blood cells width, peripheral blood smear, and corrected reticulocytes index. Any other testing is guided by the results of the studies. Treatment/Prognosis: The treatment will involve first of all finding the source of the bleeding and stopping it. Transfusion of the red blood cells is needed in this case. If the blood loss is slow then the body may produce enough blood cells that corrects the anemia without blood transfusion. The people who have anemia need to take iron supplements for several months. The iron tablets come in terms of tablets. Recent advancement in treatment of this disease is the use of recombinant human erythropoietin Disease: Aplastic Anemia -2286004000500 Description: Aplastic anemia can be described as a condition occurring when the body stops producing enough new blood cells. This disease leaves the body fatigued and with a high risk of uncontrolled bleeding and infections. In plastic anemia the bone marrow is described as hypoplastic or aplastic in medical terms. Prevalence: Aplastic anemia can develop at any age. It can occur slowly and get worse as time goes by. Causes This disease develops when there is a damage in the bone marrow, hence shutting down the production of new blood cells. The bone marrows are found inside the bones and they produce stem cells Course/ Symptoms: The symptoms of aplastic anemia includes shortness of breath with exertion, fatigue, irregular or rapid heart rate, prolonged or frequent infections, pale skin, easy or unexplained bruising, prolonged bleeding from cuts, bleeding gums or nosebleeds, dizziness, skin rash and headache. The disease progresses slowly over weeks or months or in some cases it can come suddenly. The experience of the illness may be acute or chronic. There are cases that it can be severe or fatal. Test/Diagnosis/ laboratory findings: Aplastic anemia can be diagnosed by blood tests, normally the white blood cells, platelets and red blood cells are always in the same range. Aplastic anemia may be suspected when all the three are at a low level. It can be diagnosed by bone marrow biopsy, here the doctor removes the bone marrow sample and is examined under a microscope to rule out the other blood related diseases. In the plastic anemia disease the bone marrow contains few blood cells than the normal level. Treatment/Prognosis: Aplastic anemia can be treated by the observation of the mild cases, blood transfusions and serious cases are treated by medications. The severe cases will involve marrow transplantation. There are cases where blood cell counts are low and is life threatening, these cases requires immediate hospitalization for the treatment to take place. Blood transfusion is not a cure for this disease but it relieves the signs and symptoms. Immunosuppressants involve drugs altering or suppressing the immune system, this is for the people who cannot undergo a bone marrow transplant. Disease: B Thalassemia -2286004000500 Description: B Thalassemia is an inherited blood disorder that is characterized by less hemoglobin and few red blood cells in the body than the normal. Hemoglobin allows the carrying of oxygen in the red blood cells. Few red blood cells and low hemoglobin can cause anemia in some cases leaving you fatigued. Causes : The biggest cause of B Thalassemia is the mutation of the DNA cells making hemoglobin. This mutation is passed from the parents to the